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Jantarski M. 2023. ANALYSIS OF COUNT METHODS OF DIVING DUCKS AYTHYINI AND DABBLING DUCKS ANATINI IN THE MONITORING OF BIRDS IN POLAND. Kulon 28: 1-17. ul. Nowowiejska 5/137, PL-25-532 Kielce, e-mail: mjantarski@gmail.com Abstract. In
the present paper, I discussed methodological and interpretative errors
in the Wetland Bird Survey (MPM) and Ferruginous Duck Census (MPO) –
two programs carried out as a part of the Monitoring of Birds in
Poland. The sample data collected in the MPM are not representative of
breeding populations of ducks and do not detect similar population
proportions in subsequent years. The comparison of the MPM results (8
transects x 1 km) and the large-scale survey on fish ponds (6936 ha)
showed a drastic discrepancy in the determined abundance trends. The
shortcomings of the MPM are counts of ducks on transects instead of the
extensive areas, too long count periods, which should be
shortened to several days, counts that do not account for sexes, and
flawed data interpretation, in which the seasonal abundance of ducks on
sample plots is determined by the illegitimate mixing of birds from
different phenological periods. The problems in the MPO are the wrong
count dates and errors in data interpretation – the same individuals
are summed up several times, there is a significant share of birds for
which sex is not determined, and the criteria for qualifying “breeding
pairs” are vague. The MPM constantly provides results contradictory to
the facts, and the MPO provides scientifically inadequate data. It is
recommended to stop the monitoring of ducks within the MPM and to
remove from the discourse all trends and estimates based on the results
of this project. In the MPO, the estimates for previous years should be
verified, and only the number of females recorded in mid-May should be
account for as the assessment of the size of the population. It is also
necessary to limit the date of the count in May and postpone to the 2nd
decade of July or even completely abandon the second control aiming to
determine the breeding success. Jantarski M. 2023. CRITICALLY ABOUT THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BREEDING POPULATIONS OF DIVING DUCKS AYTHYINI IN POLAND. Kulon 28: 19-33.
ul. Nowowiejska 5/137, PL-25-532 Kielce, e-mail: mjantarski@gmail.com
Abstract. The
present paper critically reviews the breeding population estimates of
diving ducks Aythyini in Poland. The published estimates were falsified
by reliable, current, and large-scale censuses based on a precisely
described methodology optimal for diving ducks. Statistical models used
to determine the rate of abundance decline of the Common Pochard Aythya
ferina and Tufted Duck A. fuligula were based on a series of flawed and
archaic premises that were not representative of the species breeding
population in Poland. Several methodological and interpretative errors
accompanied the breeding population estimates of the Red-crested
Pochard Netta rufina and Ferruginous Duck A. nyroca.
The abundance estimates of these two species were based on completely
different criteria, which require unification. The criticised syntheses
of the diving ducks’ abundance should be regarded as theoretical data
that contradict the facts. Any population estimates of diving ducks in
Poland should be published only after competent reviewers have
evaluated them.
Dombrowski A.
2023. BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITY OF FISH PONDS IN RUDKA (SOUTH PODLASIE LOWLAND) IN 2023. Kulon 28: 35-51.
ul. Świerkowa 18, PL-08-110 Siedlce, e-mail: adomb@wp.pl Abstract. In 2023, 9 counts of breeding avifauna of fish ponds in Rudka (97 ha) in the Kostrzyń river valley (Mazovian Voivodeship) were conducted using the combined cartographic method. The number of breeding and probably breeding species was 55, and the density of this community – 53.3 pairs/10 ha. There were six dominant species, and the highest density was documented in the Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (18.7 pairs/10 ha in the entire area and 39.7 pairs/10 ha in the reedbed and dyke area), then in the Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus, Eurasian Coot Fulica atra, Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and the Common Reed Bunting Schoeniclus schoeniclus. The most abundant were reedbed species, which accounted for 50.5% of the entire bird community while swimming birds constituted 24.4%. Among trophic groups, the most abundant were insectivorous (59.1%) and herbivorous species (18.5%), benthophages (9.3%) and ichthyophages (4.7%). The majority of species, i.e., 27, showed an increase in their numbers from 2010 to 2023, and these included 18 new species, not recorded in 2010: one waterbird species – Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula and 4 wetland species: Common Crane Grus grus, Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus, Bluethroat Luscinia svecica, and the Common Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia. The declining trend was documented in 10 species. The changes in bird species abundance and their causes for most wetland and waterbird species were similar to those found on fish ponds of the central part of the South Podlasie Lowland. From 1988 to 2023, 62 breeding or probably breeding species were recorded on fish ponds in Rudka. Rzepkowski R. 2023. BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITY OF ARABLE AND FALLOW FIELDS NEAR MIKOŁAJKI (WARMIAN-MASURIAN VOIVODESHIP). Kulon 28: 53-71. ul. Malborska16/1, PL-03-286 Warszawa, e-mail: r.rzepkowski@op.pl
Abstract. The survey of avian species breeding in arable and fallow land was carried out at 6 study sites in four habitat types, i.e., arable fields (92.7 ha and 57.8 ha), 1-year fallow (48.6 ha and 57.8 ha), few years’ fallow (57.8 ha and 93.0 ha), and several years’ fallow (28.0 ha) in the Great Masurian Lake District in 2000 and 2001. The composition and dominance of species breeding in fallow fields changed along with vegetation succession. The least diverse according to the number of species were new fallow fields. The breeding bird community at these fields comprised 12 species. 16 species were breeding in arable fields. A slightly higher number of species was documented in few and several years’ fallow fields – these were 17 species recorded in different types of biotopes, i.e., open areas, woodlots, forest edges or even forest interior. The highest density of breeding species was in several years’ fallow fields and was equal to 13.2 pairs/10 ha, while the lowest was in arable fields – 5.9 pairs/10 ha. The increasing abundance trend was noted in the species that were ecologically associated with open areas and nesting either low in the bushes or in herbaceous vegetation as well as in the species associated with the occurrence of the groups of trees and bushes, which preferred semi-open ecotone biotopes. The present study also showed a group of species avoiding fallow fields or inhabiting arable fields in greater numbers. These were species typical of open areas, mainly nesting on the ground. Kopij G. 2023. BREEDING AVIFAUNA OF KOŹLE COUNTRYSIDE, OPOLE SILESIA. Kulon 28: 75-101.
Zakład
Ekologii Kręgowców, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, ul.
Kożuchowska 5b, PL-51-631 Wrocław, e-mail: grzegorz.kopij@upwr.edu.pl
Abstract. Farmlands occupy more than half of the total area of Poland and constitute an important living environment for many bird species. Ornithologists should, therefore, pay more attention to this environment. The distribution and abundance of farmland birds were studied for the first time in the Koźle countryside during 2018 and 2019. The study area covered 393 km2, and arable lands constituted ca. 80%. In total, 119 breeding species were recorded, among which the following species were reported for the first time: Cygnus olor, Ciconia nigra, Haliaeetus albicilla, Circus pygargus, Grus grus, Larus canus, Motacilla cinerea, and Carpodacus erythrinus. Yet several species that have been previously breeding in the study area were not recorded in 2018 and 2019: Ardea cinerea, Falco subbuteo, Dendrocopos leucotos, Pyrrhula pyrrhula as well as probably Fulica atra and Tachybaptus ruficollis. Some species increased their numbers, i.e., Circus aeruginosus, Saxicola torquata, Ficedula albicollis, Remiz pendulinus, whereas others declined: Ciconia ciconia, Phasianus colchicus, Perdix perdix, Riparia riparia, and Corvus frugilegus. The areas with a high concentration of rare and endangered bird species are proposed for conservation.
Kasprzyk K., Podlas P. 2023. COMPOSITION OF THE TAWNY OWL STRIX ALUCO DIET IN THE FOREST-FARMLAND LANDSCAPE MOSAIC. Kulon 28: 103-116.
Krzysztof Kasprzyk,Katedra Zoologii i Ekologii Kręgowców, Wydział Nauk Biologicznych Abstract. The composition of the Tawny Owl Strix aluco diet was examined based on 266 pellets and crushed material collected at four sites located in the forest-farmland mosaic. At each site, approximately 200 prey items were dissected, of which 39 species were identified, including five species of invertebrates. The typical forest rodent group of Myodes glareolus and mice of the genus Apodemus (Yellow-necked mouse and Wood mouse) predominated only at one location. In other study sites, the relationship between forest area and the share of forest species occurrence was not confirmed. We concluded that the Tawny Owl supplemented its forest diet with prey captured outside the forests, i.e., in the vicinity of water reservoirs, wasteland, agricultural land, and human settlements. When considering fauna, the presence of Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus, European pine vole Microtus subterraneus, and European water vole Arvicola amphibius is worth emphasizing. Also noteworthy is the finding of Typhaeus typhoeus, a species of coprophagous beetle. Ignaczak
M., Jabłońska J., Jabłoński J., Jaros R., Kowalski M., Lesiński G.,
Manias J., Stephan W., Stopczyński M., Szuflet R., Wojtaszyn G., Gara K. 2023. BATS OF THE ZAŁĘCZE LANDSCAPE PARK. Kulon 28: 117-141. Maurycy
Ignaczak, Krzysztof Gara, Zespół Parków Krajobrazowych Województwa
Łódzkiego Oddział Sieradzkich PK, ul. Rycerska 2a, PL-98-200 Sieradz,
e-mail: maurycy.ignaczak@gmail.com, fotogara@wp.pl
Abstract. The
bat fauna of the Załęcze Landscape Park is well-studied in many
aspects. The oldest data are based on the analysis of owl pellets,
which included a small percentage of bats. Wintering of bats in
the Szachownica Cave (currently the fifth hibernation site in Poland
according to the number of bats) has been studied continuously since
1981. The highest number of bats recorded in this cave was over 2900
individuals. The study of autumn swarming of bats in the Szachownica
Cave was another aspect of the research in the Park. During a single
night often more than 500 individuals of the same species, which were
recorded during hibernation, were captured with chiropterological nets
or a harp trap. Based on ringing data we studied the migration of bats
between summer hiding places and their wintering and autumn swarming
sites in the Szachownica Cave. At several sites in the Park, we
captured bats with the nets and controlled the groups of bat boxes. In
this article, we summarized all available published and unpublished
data on bat fauna of this area. 17 species were recorded in the Park,
of which 15 were breeding. The most abundant were the greater
mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis, Natterer’s bat M. nattereri, serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus, common noctule Nyctalus noctula, and the brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus. Less abundant species and valuable on a national scale included: Bechstein’s bat M. bechsteinii, pond bat M. dasycneme, and the lesser noctule N. leisleri.
Lesiński G., Skrzypiec-Nowak P., Dąbrowski R. 2023. BAT WINTERING IN SMALL UNDERGROUND SITES IN THE MASOVIAN LANDSCAPE PARK. Kulon 28: 143-154.
Grzegorz
Lesiński, Instytut Nauk o Zwierzętach, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa
Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-787 Warszawa, e-mail:
grzegorz_lesinski@sggw.edu.pl Abstract. In 1997-2023 a survey of wintering bats was conducted in 15 small underground sites (total volume ranging from 6 to 100 m3) in the Masovian Landscape Park. The controls were usually carried out in February, and less often in December or January; bats were not taken off from the walls of the shelters. Four species were recorded: Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri, brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus, grey long-eared bat P. austriacus, and the western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus, and a clearly dominant species was the brown long-eared bat (86.5% of records). Wintering of the brown long-eared bat was documented in 14 underground study sites, in three of them – of the grey long-eared bat, and only in one of them – of the Natterer’s bat (2 individuals) and western barbastelle (1 individual). The largest roosts of bats wintering together at one site comprised only low numbers of individuals – 7 brown long-eared bats in Zabieżki and 6 individuals (4 brown long-eared bats and 2 grey long-eared bats) in Ponurzyca Papizy. Out of four wintering sites, which were controlled at least 12 times in January and February, a long-term declining trend in the number of hibernating brown long-eared bats was documented at one site.
Lesiński G. 2023. BATS WINTERING IN SMALL HOUSE CELLARS IN THE CIECHANÓW UPLAND. Kulon 28: 155-165.
Instytut
Nauk o Zwierzętach, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie,
ul. Ciszewskiego 8, PL02-787 Warszawa, e-mail:
grzegorz_lesinski@sggw.edu.pl Abstract. In 1992-2007 a survey of wintering bats was carried out in 32 small, house cellars in the Ciechanów Upland (northern Mazovia). At least a 5-year monitoring of hibernating individuals has been conducted in seven cellars. Four species were recorded: Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri, Daubenton’s bat M. daubentonii, brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus, and the western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus. The brown long-eared bat was a dominant species in this assemblage either according to its abundance (almost 60%) or the number of cellars it was recorded wintering (30). The Daubenton’s bat was also a relatively common species (noted in 13 cellars). The Natterer’s bat was a rare species (5 cellars), while the western barbastelle was recorded only in one cellar. The number of hibernating individuals usually did not exceed 10 in a single cellar, yet there were three cellars where a maximum of 14 wintering individuals were recorded during a single control. The clear trend in the bat species composition, i.e., increasing species number, has been documented in one cellar monitored for 14 years. As small house cellars are very common in the study area, it may be assumed that these are important sites for some wintering bat species, particularly for the brown long-eared bat and Daubenton’s bat. Olech B. 2023. IDENTIFICATION OF THE NESTS OF THE EURASIAN GOSHAWK ACCIPITER GENTILIS, COMMON BUZZARD BUTEO BUTEO, EUROPEAN HONEY BUZZARD PERNIS APIVORUS, AND THE LESSER SPOTTED EAGLE CLANGA POMARINA BY VISUAL OBSERVATION FROM THE GROUND – EXPERIENCE FROM THE KAMPINOS NATIONAL PARK. Kulon 28: 167-174. Abstract. Key features of the nests of four species of birds of prey during the breeding season were compared in this study. These features enable species identification without looking into the nest and/or in the absence of nesting birds. Murawski M. 2023. THE SECOND RECORD OF THE GREATER SHORT-TOED LARK CALANDRELLA BRACHYDACTYLA IN THE MAZOVIAN LOWLAND. Kulon 28: 174-177. e-mail: merops@vp.pl Abstract. On 10 December 2022, the Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla was observed in the flock of snow buntings Plectrophenax nivalis on crop fields near Kąty (Mazovian Voivodeship, 52°53’44.1”N 20°40’02.0”E). This observation was accepted by the Polish Avifaunistic Commission, and it is the 21st record of this species in Poland, while the second one in the Mazovian Lowland. This lark was also seen by other observers at the same site on 11 December. Parapura A., Szczepankiewicz E. 2023. MIXED BROODS OF THE GREAT GREY SHRIKE LANIUS EXCUBITOR EXCUBITOR AND “HOMEYER’S GREAT GREY SHRIKE” LANIUS EXCUBITOR HOMEYERI IN MAZOVIA. Kulon 28: 178-181.
Agnieszka Parapura, Instytut Nauk Biologicznych, Uniwersytet w Siedlcach, Abstract. The first broods of Lanius excubitor homeyeri were found in the Mazovian Lowland in 2018 and 2021. In July 2018, a family of the Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor was found in Czarnów-Stasiopole. In this family the adult bird and one of thesimmatures showed plumage characters of the homeyeri subspecies. In the second case documented in May 2021, a mixed pair of a Lanius excubitor homeyeri male and a Lanius excubitor female was found nesting near the village of Kępa. Parapura A. 2023. OBSERVATION OF SUNBATHING OF THE BLACK REDSTART PHOENICURUS OCHRUROS FAMILY. Kulon 28: 182-184.
Instytut Nauk Biologicznych, Uniwersytet w Siedlcach, Abstract. In the summer of 2009, a family of the Black Redstart was sunbathing on the barn of a small farm (52°10’15.1”N 21°58’19.2”E). They spread their wings and tails and laid on the roof of the building. Sunbathing has been reported from various parts of the world, especially in some avian families. It is regarded as anti-parasite behaviour. Rapczyński j., Sitko M. 2023. REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE FIELD ORNITHOLOGICAL STATION “OBÓZ WISŁA” IN THE MIDDLE VISTULA VALLEY IN 2022. Kulon 28: 185-197.
Jan Rapczyński, Fundacja Ochrony Przyrody „Na Skrzydłach”, ul. Woronicza 78/172, PL-02-640 Warszawa Abstract. From
25 April to 23 October 2022, the fieldwork on Rembezy Island (51⁰58’N,
21⁰15’E) was carried out by the members of the Ornithological Section
of the Foresters Scientific Club. The work of the Field Ornithological
Station “Obóz Wisła” lasted for 182 days and focused on spring and
autumn bird migration, as well as species breeding in the vicinity of
the study site along with their active protection, particularly of
waders, against human pressure. In total, 4 380 passerines, including
the most numerous European Robin Erithacus rubecula, were captured in
approximately 200 m of mist nets located in the bushes. 818 birds
representing Charadriiformes were captured with 10 funnel traps, and
the most numerous was the Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola.
Two individuals with foreign rings were controlled at our station. Over
11 months since the end of the fieldwork, 31 recoveries of 22 birds
ringed in 2022 have been reported. The conservation of the Little Tern Sternula albifrons, Common Tern Sterna hirundo, Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula, Little Ringed Plover Ch. dubius, and the Common Gull Larus canus included many interventions conducted in the breeding colony and resulted in adequate breeding success.
Łukaszewicz M., Rowiński P. 2023. REPORT ON WINTER BIRD MONITORING ON WATER BODIES OF THE MAZOVIAN LOWLAND AND TOWNS IN JANUARY 2023. Kulon 28: 197-208.
Marcin
Łukaszewicz, Mazowiecko-Świętokrzyskie Towarzystwo Ornitologiczne,
ul. Radomska 7, PL-26-670 Pionki, e-mail: lukaszewicz-m@wp.pl Abstract. In the middle of January, the survey of wintering waterbirds and terrestrial species was carried out on the Mazovian Lowland. The controls covered 17 rivers (in total 1165 km), Warsaw and 112 other towns, dam reservoirs as well as other smaller objects. The results from selected river sections and objects were submitted to a country-wide project – the Wintering Water Bird Survey (MZPW). January of 2023 was very mild, the average temperature in Warsaw was 3.4°C, and there was no ice cover on rivers and water bodies. We documented wintering of 41 waterbird species, and their total number was 97729 individuals. The most abundant were: Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (60.3%, N=58 933), Greylag Goose Anser anser (8.4%, N=8167), Tundra Bean Goose Anser fabalis (4.3%, N=4246), Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (4.3%, N=4224), Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (3.8%, N=3665), and the Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula (3.5%, N=3408) We also recorded 67 terrestrial bird species, and the total number of these birds was 40 120. The most abundant were: Fieldfare Turdus pilaris (20.9%, N=8387), Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus (20.7%, N=8311), Western Jackdaw Corvus monedula (9.2%, N=3694), Great Tit Parus major (7.2%, N=2873), and the Rook Corvus frugilegus (4.9%, N=1984). The average density was 344.4 indiv./10 km. 129 volunteers took part in this winter bird survey.
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